Are you ready to explore What is the Capital of Canada? Ottawa, the seat of government and the cultural hub of the country, beckons with its rich history, stunning architecture, and picturesque landscapes. From iconic landmarks like Parliament Hill to world-class museums, there is something for everyone to discover in Ottawa. Immerse yourself in the charm of this charming city and experience the unique blend of Canadian heritage and modern cosmopolitan vibe. Get ready to be captivated by the stories that echo through its streets and embrace the friendly Canadian spirit that awaits you in Ottawa.
Location and Overview: What is the Capital of Canada?
Geographical Location
Situated in southeastern Ontario, Ottawa is the capital city of Canada. It is located on the south bank of the Ottawa River, which forms the border between the provinces of Ontario and Quebec.
Brief History
Ottawa has a rich history dating back thousands of years. The area was originally inhabited by the Algonquin people before European settlement began in the 1800s. In 1857, Ottawa was chosen as the capital city of Canada, primarily due to its strategic location and the fact that it was somewhat removed from the American border. Today, Ottawa is known for its stunning architecture, prestigious museums, and vibrant cultural scene.
Population and Language
With a population of over one million people, Ottawa is the fourth largest city in Canada. The city is multicultural, with residents from various backgrounds and ethnicities. English and French are the official languages of Ottawa, reflecting the bilingual nature of the country as a whole. You will find that most people are fluent in both languages, making it easy to communicate and navigate the city.
Getting to Ottawa
By Plane
Traveling to Ottawa by plane is a convenient and efficient option. The city is served by the Ottawa Macdonald-Cartier International Airport, which is located just a short drive from downtown Ottawa. The airport offers numerous domestic and international flights, connecting visitors from around the world to the capital city.
By Train
Another great way to reach Ottawa is by train. Via Rail operates frequent train services that connect major Canadian cities to Ottawa. The city’s train station, Ottawa Station, is located centrally and is easily accessible from various neighborhoods and attractions.
By Bus
For those who prefer bus travel, Ottawa is well-served by several bus companies. Greyhound and Megabus have regular services connecting Ottawa to other major cities in Canada and the United States. The city’s central bus station is located in the downtown area, making it convenient for travelers.
By Car
Traveling to Ottawa by car is also a popular option, especially for those who wish to explore the surrounding areas at their own pace. The city is easily accessible via major highways, including Highway 417 and Highway 416. However, it’s important to note that traffic congestion can be a challenge during peak hours, so it’s advisable to plan your journey accordingly.
Discovering Ottawa’s Attractions
Parliament Hill
A visit to Ottawa would not be complete without a trip to Parliament Hill. This iconic landmark is home to the Parliament of Canada and offers stunning views of the Ottawa River and downtown Ottawa. Take a guided tour to learn about Canada’s political history and explore the beautiful Gothic Revival architecture.
Rideau Canal
Designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Rideau Canal is a must-visit attraction in Ottawa. Spanning over 200 kilometers, it is not only a historic waterway but also transforms into the world’s largest naturally frozen skating rink during the winter months. Enjoy a leisurely stroll along the canal or rent a paddleboat during the summer for a unique perspective of the city.
National Gallery of Canada
Art enthusiasts will appreciate the impressive collection of Canadian and international art at the National Gallery of Canada. From stunning paintings to contemporary installations, this gallery showcases a diverse range of artistic styles. Don’t miss the opportunity to see the iconic spider sculpture, “Maman,” located outside the gallery’s entrance.
ByWard Market
Located in the heart of downtown Ottawa, ByWard Market is a vibrant and bustling neighborhood filled with a wide variety of shops, restaurants, and cafes. Explore its charming cobblestone streets, pick up fresh local produce at the farmers’ market, or indulge in a unique culinary experience at one of the many eateries.
Canadian Museum of History
Cross the river into Gatineau, Quebec, and discover the Canadian Museum of History. This world-class museum offers fascinating exhibits on Canadian history and culture, including Indigenous artifacts, interactive displays, and the famous Grand Hall, which showcases the stunning architecture of the building.
Gatineau Park
Nature lovers will find solace in Gatineau Park, located just a short drive from downtown Ottawa. With over 360 square kilometers of green space, the park offers endless opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, biking, picnicking, and wildlife spotting. Don’t forget to hike to the scenic viewpoint at Champlain Lookout for breathtaking panoramic views of the Ottawa Valley.
Canadian War Museum
Gain insight into Canada’s military history at the Canadian War Museum. Through immersive exhibitions and powerful storytelling, the museum pays tribute to the sacrifices and contributions of Canadian soldiers throughout history. Explore artifacts, personal stories, and interactive displays that bring the wartime experience to life.
Royal Canadian Mint
Visit the Royal Canadian Mint to learn about the art and science of coin production. Discover the fascinating process of creating currency and view some of the rarest and most valuable coins in the world. Don’t miss the chance to hold a solid gold bar worth over a million dollars!
National Arts Centre
Experience the vibrant performing arts scene at the National Arts Centre. This world-class venue hosts a wide variety of theatrical performances, music concerts, and dance shows throughout the year. Check the schedule and catch a live performance by talented Canadian and international artists.
Dows Lake
Escape the hustle and bustle of the city and relax at Dows Lake. This picturesque location is perfect for a leisurely stroll, a picnic by the water, or renting a paddleboat to explore the scenic surroundings. During the winter months, the lake transforms into a magical ice skating destination, complete with twinkling lights and hot chocolate stands.
Exploring Ottawa’s Neighbourhoods
ByWard Market
As mentioned earlier, ByWard Market is a lively neighborhood that offers a unique blend of history, culture, and culinary delights. Explore the local shops for unique souvenirs, sample delicious Canadian cuisine, and immerse yourself in the vibrant atmosphere that ByWard Market has to offer.
Glebe
Located just south of downtown Ottawa, the Glebe is a charming residential area known for its tree-lined streets and beautiful Victorian homes. Visit Lansdowne Park, a bustling entertainment venue that hosts concerts, sporting events, and a vibrant farmers’ market. Take a stroll along Bank Street to browse local boutiques, cafes, and bookstores.
Westboro
Nestled along the Ottawa River, Westboro is a trendy neighborhood that exudes a laid-back and artistic vibe. Explore the many unique shops and independent boutiques, dine at one of the neighborhood’s acclaimed restaurants, or relax in one of the charming parks along the river.
Hintonburg
Hintonburg is a vibrant and eclectic neighborhood that has undergone a revitalization in recent years. Here, you’ll find a mix of art galleries, trendy cafes, and vintage shops. Take a stroll along Wellington Street West and discover the unique charm of this up-and-coming neighborhood.
Chinatown
Located just west of downtown, Ottawa’s Chinatown is a hub of multiculturalism and culinary delights. Explore the vibrant streets lined with Asian restaurants, grocery stores, and specialty shops. Don’t miss the annual Chinatown Street Festival, where visitors can experience traditional Chinese cultural performances and culinary offerings.
Little Italy
Indulge in the rich flavors of Italian cuisine in Ottawa’s Little Italy. This charming neighborhood boasts a wealth of Italian restaurants, cafes, and gelato shops. Take a leisurely walk along Preston Street to soak up the lively atmosphere and discover hidden gems along the way.
Centretown
Centretown is a bustling and diverse neighborhood located in the heart of Ottawa. Here, you’ll find a mix of residential, commercial, and entertainment spaces. Explore the downtown core, visit popular attractions, and enjoy the vibrant nightlife that this neighborhood has to offer.
New Edinburgh
Step back in time by visiting New Edinburgh, one of Ottawa’s oldest and most historic neighborhoods. Discover beautifully preserved heritage homes, explore the picturesque Rideau Hall and its lush gardens, or enjoy a peaceful walk along the scenic banks of the Rideau River.
Rockcliffe Park
For a taste of luxury and tranquility, head to Rockcliffe Park, one of Ottawa’s most prestigious neighborhoods. Admire the grand mansions, explore the beautifully landscaped parks, or take a leisurely stroll through the picturesque Rockcliffe Park Village.
Cultural and Festive Events
Canada Day Celebrations
Join in the festivities on July 1st and celebrate Canada’s birthday in Ottawa. Experience the largest Canada Day celebration in the country, complete with concerts, fireworks, parades, and cultural performances. Parliament Hill is the epicenter of the celebrations, offering a memorable experience for all ages.
Winterlude
Embrace the magic of winter at Winterlude, an annual festival held in February. Lace up your skates and glide across the frozen Rideau Canal, marvel at the stunning ice sculptures in Confederation Park, or warm up with a cup of hot cocoa while enjoying live music and entertainment.
Tulip Festival
Experience the beauty of spring at the Canadian Tulip Festival. Celebrating the blooming of tulips, this festival showcases over a million of these vibrant flowers in various locations throughout Ottawa. Take a leisurely walk through Commissioner’s Park or enjoy live music performances and cultural activities at venues across the city.
Canadian Tulip Festival
The Canadian Tulip Festival is an annual event that celebrates the longstanding friendship between Canada and the Netherlands. Immerse yourself in the stunning beauty of over a million tulips in full bloom throughout the city. Don’t miss the opportunity to participate in cultural activities, music performances, and fireworks displays.
Canada’s National Ukrainian Festival
Celebrate Ukrainian culture and heritage at Canada’s National Ukrainian Festival. Held annually in Ottawa, this festival features traditional music, dance, food, and art. Immerse yourself in the vibrant Ukrainian community and experience the rich traditions firsthand.
Ottawa International Animation Festival
Animated film enthusiasts must not miss the Ottawa International Animation Festival. This prestigious event features screenings of the best animation from around the world, as well as industry workshops, panel discussions, and interactive activities for both professionals and the general public.
Festival Franco-Ontarien
Celebrate French-speaking culture and music at the Festival Franco-Ontarien. This lively festival showcases the talents of Francophone artists from Ontario and beyond. Enjoy live performances, discover French Canadian cuisine, and immerse yourself in the rich cultural heritage of Ottawa’s Francophone community.
Outdoor and Recreational Activities
Biking along the Rideau Canal
The Rideau Canal offers a picturesque backdrop for biking enthusiasts. Rent a bicycle from one of the many rental shops in the city and take a leisurely ride along the scenic pathway that runs parallel to the canal. Enjoy the fresh air, soak in the beautiful views, and stop for a picnic in one of the many parks along the way.
Boating on the Ottawa River
Experience the beauty of Ottawa from a different perspective by taking a boat ride on the Ottawa River. Whether you choose a leisurely sightseeing cruise or an adventurous kayak or canoe excursion, you’ll be treated to stunning views of the city’s skyline and picturesque waterfront.
Skating on the Rideau Canal
During the winter months, the frozen Rideau Canal becomes the world’s largest naturally frozen skating rink. Rent a pair of skates, lace them up, and glide along the canal’s smooth surface. Enjoy the festive atmosphere, warm up with a cup of hot chocolate from one of the many vendors, and create unforgettable memories.
Hiking in Gatineau Park
Escape the city and hit the trails in Gatineau Park. With over 165 kilometers of groomed trails, the park offers something for hikers of all skill levels. Explore hidden waterfalls, spot wildlife, and marvel at the stunning views from various lookout points. Remember to pack water, snacks, and appropriate footwear.
Picnicking in Major’s Hill Park
Savor a moment of tranquility in Major’s Hill Park, located just steps away from the bustling ByWard Market. Pack a picnic lunch, find a shady spot beneath the trees, and enjoy breathtaking views of the Parliament Buildings and the Ottawa River. This park is the perfect place to relax and recharge in the heart of the city.
Golfing at Ottawa’s Golf Courses
Ottawa is home to several beautiful golf courses that cater to golf enthusiasts of all skill levels. Whether you’re a seasoned golfer or a beginner looking to improve your swing, you’ll find a course that suits your needs. Enjoy a day on the green, surrounded by lush landscapes and stunning panoramic views.
Cycling the Capital Pathway
With over 600 kilometers of interconnected pathways, Ottawa’s Capital Pathway is a cyclist’s paradise. Rent a bike and explore the city at your own pace, taking in the sights and sounds of Ottawa’s many neighborhoods, parks, and attractions. The pathway is well-maintained and offers scenic routes for riders of all abilities.
Rafting on the Ottawa River
For those seeking an adrenaline rush, consider white-water rafting on the Ottawa River. Navigate through thrilling rapids, surrounded by breathtaking natural beauty. Whether you’re an experienced rafter or a first-timer, there are numerous rafting companies that offer guided trips suitable for all skill levels.
Exploring the Greenbelt
The Greenbelt is a vast network of protected green spaces surrounding Ottawa. It offers an abundance of recreational activities such as hiking, bird watching, and horseback riding. Take a break from the city and immerse yourself in the tranquility of nature by exploring the trails and discovering hidden gems within the Greenbelt.
Shopping and Dining in Ottawa
ByWard Market
As previously mentioned, ByWard Market is a mecca for shopping and dining in Ottawa. Explore the market’s diverse array of shops, ranging from local boutiques and designer stores to artisanal food producers and specialty shops. Indulge in a wide variety of cuisine options, from traditional Canadian dishes to international flavors.
CF Rideau Centre
For a more traditional shopping experience, head to CF Rideau Centre, Ottawa’s premier shopping destination. This four-story mall is home to over 180 stores, including major international and Canadian retailers. Shop for clothing, accessories, electronics, and more, and recharge at one of the many dining options within the mall.
Wellington West
Situated just west of downtown, Wellington West is a trendy neighborhood known for its independent boutiques, art galleries, and specialty food shops. Discover unique fashion finds, browse local artwork, and sample delicious treats from local vendors. This eclectic neighborhood offers a one-of-a-kind shopping and dining experience.
Elgin Street
Elgin Street is a vibrant and bustling neighborhood that offers a diverse range of shopping and dining options. Explore the various boutiques, antique shops, and bookstores, and then satisfy your taste buds at one of the many restaurants, cafes, or pubs that line the street.
Sparks Street
Located in the heart of downtown, Sparks Street is a pedestrian-only street lined with shops, restaurants, and entertainment venues. Browse through local boutiques, pick up unique souvenirs, or grab a bite to eat at one of the outdoor patios. Don’t miss the chance to take part in the annual Buskerfest, where street performers captivate audiences with their talents.
Westboro Village
Westboro Village, located along Richmond Road, is a trendy and vibrant neighborhood that offers a mix of local boutiques, upscale shops, and gourmet restaurants. Explore the quaint streets and discover unique fashion finds, home decor items, and artisanal goods. Afterward, indulge in a culinary experience at one of the neighborhood’s acclaimed restaurants.
Lansdowne Park
Lansdowne Park, located in the Glebe neighborhood, is not only a premier entertainment venue but also a shopping and dining destination. Browse through boutique shops, find unique gifts, and explore the local farmers’ market for fresh produce and artisanal products. Enjoy a meal at one of the many restaurants, cafes, or pubs within the park.
Preston Street
Known as Ottawa’s Little Italy, Preston Street is a vibrant neighborhood that offers a taste of Italian culture and cuisine. Explore the charming streets lined with Italian restaurants, gelato shops, and specialty stores. From fresh pasta to mouthwatering cannoli, Preston Street is a food lover’s paradise.
Accommodations in Ottawa
Luxury Hotels
For those seeking a luxurious and pampered experience, Ottawa offers a variety of upscale hotels. Choose from world-renowned hotels that offer top-notch amenities, breathtaking views, and exceptional service. Whether you prefer modern elegance or historical grandeur, you’ll find a luxury hotel that suits your taste.
Boutique Hotels
If you’re looking for a unique and personalized stay, consider one of Ottawa’s boutique hotels. These intimate and stylish hotels offer a distinct charm and character, often featuring locally inspired artwork, in-room amenities, and personalized service. Immerse yourself in the local culture and enjoy a truly memorable stay.
Budget-Friendly Options
Traveling on a budget doesn’t mean compromising on comfort and quality. Ottawa has a range of budget-friendly accommodations, including budget hotels, hostels, and guesthouses. These options offer affordable rates, convenient locations, and the essential amenities needed for a comfortable stay.
Bed and Breakfasts
For a cozy and intimate experience, consider staying at one of Ottawa’s bed and breakfasts. These charming accommodations offer a home away from home, often with personalized service, homemade breakfasts, and a warm and welcoming atmosphere. Enjoy the comforts of a well-appointed room while experiencing the hospitality of local hosts.
Vacation Rentals
For a home-like experience, consider booking a vacation rental in Ottawa. From charming apartments in the heart of the city to spacious houses in quiet neighborhoods, vacation rentals offer the freedom and flexibility to create your own itinerary. Enjoy the comforts of a fully-equipped kitchen, a living area to relax in, and the opportunity to live like a local during your stay.
Day Trips from Ottawa
Gatineau
Located just across the river in Quebec, Gatineau offers a change of scenery and a taste of French-Canadian culture. Explore the vibrant downtown core, visit the Canadian Museum of History, and indulge in delicious French cuisine at one of the many restaurants. Don’t forget to take in the stunning views of Ottawa’s skyline from the Champlain Lookout.
Montebello
Escape to Montebello, a charming village located about an hour’s drive from Ottawa. Visit the Fairmont Le Château Montebello, a historic hotel known for its grand architecture and picturesque surroundings. Explore Parc Omega, a wildlife park where you can see Canadian animals up close and even feed them from the comfort of your car.
Merrickville
Take a leisurely drive to Merrickville, a quaint and picturesque village known for its historic buildings, charming shops, and artistic community. Stroll along the historic Rideau Canal, browse through boutique stores, and enjoy a meal at one of the local cafes or restaurants. Don’t forget to visit the Merrickville Blockhouse, a National Historic Site that offers a glimpse into the area’s military history.
Wakefield
Located just 30 minutes north of Ottawa, Wakefield is a small village nestled in the Gatineau Hills. Known for its artistic community and scenic landscapes, Wakefield offers a peaceful retreat from the city. Explore local galleries, enjoy live music at the historic Black Sheep Inn, or relax by the picturesque Gatineau River.
Parc Omega
Embark on a wildlife adventure at Parc Omega, located about an hour’s drive from Ottawa. This vast wildlife park allows visitors to drive through the grounds and observe a variety of Canadian animals, including deer, moose, wolves, and bears. Get up close and personal with the wildlife by feeding them from your car, or explore on foot along the park’s walking trails.
Thousand Islands
Located between Ottawa and Kingston, the Thousand Islands region is a picturesque destination characterized by its stunning landscapes and countless islands dotting the St. Lawrence River. Take a boat cruise through the islands, visit Boldt Castle on Heart Island, or explore the charming waterfront towns of Gananoque and Brockville.
Calabogie
If outdoor adventures are your thing, consider a day trip to Calabogie. This small village is situated near Calabogie Lake and is known for its scenic beauty and year-round outdoor activities. Take part in hiking, boating, fishing, or golfing, or hit the slopes during the winter months at Calabogie Peaks Resort.
Prince Edward County
Head southeast from Ottawa and discover Prince Edward County, a charming region known for its wineries, beautiful beaches, and artisanal food producers. Explore the picturesque towns of Picton and Wellington, sample local wines at the region’s many wineries, or enjoy a picnic along the shores of Lake Ontario.
Mont-Tremblant
For a day of outdoor adventure and natural beauty, venture to Mont-Tremblant in the Laurentian Mountains. This popular year-round resort town offers activities such as hiking, mountain biking, skiing, and golfing. Take a scenic gondola ride to the summit for breathtaking views or relax in one of the village’s many spas and restaurants.
Kingston
Known as the “Limestone City,” Kingston is a historic and picturesque city located along the shores of Lake Ontario. Explore the charming downtown area, visit the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Fort Henry, or take a leisurely cruise through the picturesque Thousand Islands. With its rich history and stunning architecture, Kingston offers a delightful day trip destination.
Tips for Exploring Ottawa
Best Time to Visit Ottawa
Ottawa experiences four distinct seasons, each offering its own unique charm. The summer months from June to August are the most popular for tourists, with pleasant temperatures and numerous outdoor festivals and events. Spring (April to May) and fall (September to October) are great times to visit for mild temperatures and beautiful foliage. Winter (December to February) offers opportunities for winter sports and activities, as well as festive celebrations.
Public Transportation
Ottawa has an efficient and well-connected public transportation system. OC Transpo operates bus services throughout the city, making it easy to navigate and explore different neighborhoods and attractions. The O-Train is a light rail system that connects various parts of the city, including downtown Ottawa and major attractions. Consider purchasing a Presto card for convenient and cost-effective travel.
Currency and Money Exchange
The official currency in Ottawa is the Canadian dollar (CAD). It is advisable to carry some cash for small businesses and vendors that may not accept credit cards. Money exchange services can be found at airports, train stations, and various locations throughout the city. Major credit cards are widely accepted in Ottawa, and ATMs are readily available.
Language
English and French are the official languages of Ottawa. While English is predominantly spoken, many residents are bilingual and able to communicate in both languages. Visitors will have no problem getting around and interacting with locals in either language.
Safety Tips
Ottawa is considered a safe city for travelers, but it is always wise to take precautions. Keep valuables out of sight, be aware of your surroundings, and avoid walking alone late at night in unlit or unfamiliar areas. It is also advisable to lock your car and secure your belongings, as petty theft can occur in busy tourist areas.
Etiquette and Customs
Canadian etiquette and customs are generally similar to those in the United States and other Western countries. Canadians are known for their politeness and friendliness, so it’s always appreciated to say “please” and “thank you.” It’s also important to respect local customs and cultural diversity when interacting with others. Tipping is customary in restaurants, bars, and for services such as taxi rides.
Climate and Weather
Ottawa experiences a humid continental climate, characterized by four distinct seasons. Summers are warm and humid, with temperatures ranging from 20 to 30 degrees Celsius (68 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit). Winters are cold and snowy, with temperatures often dropping below freezing, averaging between -10 to -20 degrees Celsius (14 to -4 degrees Fahrenheit). Spring and fall are mild, with temperatures ranging from 5 to 20 degrees Celsius (41 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit).
Important Phone Numbers
It’s always advisable to have important phone numbers handy while traveling. In case of emergency, dial 911 for immediate assistance. For non-emergency situations, including reporting a crime, dial the Ottawa Police Service at 613-236-1222. For medical emergencies, the Ottawa Hospital can be reached at 613-722-7000.
Visitor Information Centres
Ottawa boasts several Visitor Information Centres that are dedicated to helping tourists make the most of their visit. The main Visitor Centre is located on Wellington Street, just steps away from Parliament Hill. Knowledgeable staff can provide maps, brochures, and recommendations on attractions, events, and accommodations.
Accessibility for All
Ottawa strives to be an accessible city for visitors of all abilities. Many attractions, accommodations, and transportation options have implemented measures to accommodate individuals with disabilities. Accessible parking, ramps, and elevators are available at various locations throughout the city. Additionally, OC Transpo buses and the O-Train are equipped to accommodate individuals with mobility challenges.